b'LEGISLATIVEREPORTexisting vessels is that most of themtion, harbor craft owners have madewas still the third-highest contributor with older engines (pre-Tier or Tier 1)considerable investments to replaceto near-source cancer risk in 2016, and were forced to repower with enginesolder engines with newer, cleanerwill contribute an even larger pro-meeting newer standards (Tier 2engines to comply with the existingportion in 2023 once emissions from or Tier 3). Another effect is that aregulation.However, the near- ocean-going vessels and locomotives new-built ferry vessel that can carry 75source cancer risk and local pollutionare further reduced.or more passengers must either installcontribution from harbor craftCARBs staff is considering Tier 4 engines or use Tier 2 or Tier 3remains high. The scoping evalua- measures to make the existing engines in conjunction with approvedtion [for the ports of Long Beach andemissions rule for marine engines Best Available Control Technology,Los Angeles] showed that harbor crafton passenger vessels more stringent. a combination designed to result in emissions performance equivalent to that of a Tier 4 engine.There is a fundamental differ-ence between Californias harbor- attention to detailcraft rule and the marine engine emissions requirements set out by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The EPA rule governs for passenger vessel operators in U.S. jurisdictions other than California. Over time, EPA has required newly-installed marine engines to have fewer emissions than older ones. However, as a general rule, EPA does not mandate that the operator of a vessel with older engines swap out those engines for newer models. This regu-latory philosophy is similar to what applies to emissions performances of consumer automobiles.In contrast, California has imposedwww.beurteaux.coma schedule that establishes dates by which a commercial vessel operator with older marine engines must bring them into compliance with more stringent emissions requirements. As a practical matter, the California passenger vessel operator is pushed to remove the older engines and repower with newer models with better emissions properties. This has been done according to a government-imposed schedule; as a result, a marine engine may have been replaced before the end of its economic life.In March 2020, CARB directed its staff to develop proposals to toughen the existing regulation. The goal is to further reduce marine emissions during the period from 2023 through 2031. In undertaking that directive, the CARB staff commented that it recog-nizes that under the existing regula-JULY 2020FOGHORN 25'